Imagine entering Christian worship less than two centuries after Christ.
Justin Martyr gives us an extraordinary description.
Sunday
Justin says Christians gather on the day called Sunday.
There are readings from the memoirs of the Apostles and the prophets.
A leader gives instruction.
The congregation prays.
Bread, wine and water are brought forward.
Thanksgiving is offered.
The people respond Amen.
The Eucharistic elements are distributed, including through deacons.
A collection assists orphans, widows, the sick, prisoners, strangers and others in need.
Primary Source
Justin Martyr, First Apology, chapters 65--67:
https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0126.htm
What Did Justin Think the Eucharist Was?
Justin explicitly distinguishes the Eucharist from ordinary food and connects it with the flesh and blood of the incarnate Jesus.
That does not answer every later Eucharistic controversy.
But it is very early evidence that Christian Eucharistic belief was more than an ordinary symbolic meal.
Try the Historical Comparison
Take Justin's description and compare it with:
- a Catholic Mass;
- an Orthodox Divine Liturgy;
- a Lutheran service;
- an Anglican Eucharist;
- a Baptist service;
- a modern non-denominational service.
Do not begin by deciding who wins.
Simply ask:
Where do the structural and theological continuities appear strongest?